lifestyle modifications

A 52-year-old woman with a 10-year history of type 2 diabetes mellitus presents to your clinic for a routine follow-up. She has been experiencing difficulty in controlling her blood glucose levels despite being on metformin and glipizide. Her HbA1c is 8.5%. She has a BMI of 32 kg/m² and a sedentary lifestyle. She reports consuming a diet high in processed foods and sugary beverages. Her blood pressure is 140/85 mmHg, and her lipid profile shows elevated LDL cholesterol. Which of the following dietary and lifestyle modifications is most likely to improve her glycemic control and overall cardiovascular risk profile?

A 62-year-old Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander man presents for a routine check-up. He has a history of smoking, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, managed with metformin. His blood pressure is 150/90 mmHg. Which of the following is the MOST significant modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease in this patient?

A 62-year-old female has high blood pressure (162/97 mmHg) but is not concerned. She has white coat hypertension and declines 24-hour BP monitoring. What is the correct instruction about home blood pressure readings?

A 60-year-old non-smoker has a calculated 5-year cardiovascular disease risk of 12%. Based on current Australian guidelines, what is the most appropriate initial management focus?

A 55-year-old non-smoker with no known comorbidities has a consistent office BP of 155/98 mmHg. His 10-year CVD risk is calculated as low. According to Australian guidelines, what is the most appropriate initial management?

A 45-year-old Aboriginal man from a remote community presents to the clinic for a routine health check. He has a history of smoking (20 pack-years) and reports drinking alcohol occasionally (3-4 standard drinks per week). He denies any chronic medical conditions. His blood pressure is 145/95 mmHg. BMI is 32 kg/m2. Fasting blood glucose is 6.5 mmol/L. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate initial management strategy, considering the principles of culturally safe care?

A 55-year-old man with a history of hypertension and smoking presents for a routine check-up. He is concerned about his risk of cardiovascular disease and asks for advice on lifestyle modifications. Which of the following lifestyle changes would most significantly reduce his risk of cardiovascular events?

A 55-year-old male with a history of hypertension presents for a routine check-up. His blood pressure is consistently measured at 150/95 mmHg despite lifestyle modifications. According to Australian guidelines, what is the most appropriate next step in managing his hypertension?

A 20-year-old female medical student arrives late, parties, and is attentive in consultations. What is the next step?

A 68-year-old man with a history of smoking and hypertension presents with intermittent claudication in his right leg. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) is 0.6 on the right and 0.9 on the left. He has been on a supervised exercise program and optimal medical therapy for 6 months with no improvement in symptoms. What is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 20-year-old female medical student arrives late, parties, but is attentive in consultations. What is the next step?

A 55-year-old man with a history of hypertension presents for a routine check-up. His blood pressure is consistently measured at 160/95 mmHg despite lifestyle modifications. He is currently on perindopril 5 mg daily. According to Australian guidelines, what is the most appropriate next step in managing his hypertension?

A 58-year-old man with a 10-year history of Type 2 diabetes presents to the clinic for a routine follow-up. He is currently on metformin and lifestyle modifications, but his HbA1c has increased to 8.5% over the past six months. He reports adherence to his medication and diet but has a sedentary lifestyle. What is the most appropriate next step in managing his diabetes?